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Glossary of terms

Short definitions for the terms that appear on our lab reports, product pages and order emails.

On the lab reports

COA (certificate of analysis)
A document from a testing laboratory recording what it measured in a specific sample.
HPLC
High-performance liquid chromatography. Separates a sample into its components so the proportion of the target compound can be measured. This is where a purity percentage comes from.
LC-MS
Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Separates the sample, then measures molecular mass to confirm the compound is what it is declared to be.
LAL
Limulus amebocyte lysate assay, the standard test for bacterial endotoxin. Reported against a threshold in EU/mL.
Endotoxin
A heat-stable component of some bacterial cell walls. Measured because it persists even where no live organism remains.
ICP-MS
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, used to screen for heavy metals.
Net content
The mass of material a laboratory actually measured in a vial, as distinct from the amount declared on the label.
Purity
The proportion of a sample that is the stated compound, expressed as a percentage.
Lot / batch
A quantity produced together under the same conditions, given one identifier. Testing applies to a lot, which is why the lot number is what ties a report to a vial.
Accession number
The testing laboratory's own reference for a sample it received.

On the vial

Lyophilized
Freeze-dried to a solid powder. Most vials here arrive lyophilized, which is why they are shipped and stored dry.
Reconstitution
Returning a lyophilized powder to solution by adding a solvent such as bacteriostatic water.
Bacteriostatic water
Sterile water containing a preservative, used where a solution will be drawn from more than once.
Blend
A vial containing more than one compound. A blend's report lists each component separately in its composition table.

On your order

RUO (research use only)
Supplied for laboratory research. Not a drug or supplement, and not for human or veterinary use, diagnosis or treatment.
Order reference
The NVL- code on your confirmation. Quote it in any message about that order.
Invoiced
The stage at which we have sent you payment instructions and a shipping quote. Nothing is charged before this.